Learn Harmony with Handel

Why you Should study Harmony?

You can't compose music if you don't study harmony!


Studying harmony is essential, and not doing so exposes you to the risk of not writing correct melodies, of sticking chords together at random, without any logical sense, and which in the end are a total mess!


Besides, how are you going to write something that sounds good and creates a pleasing effect if you don't know the grammar of musical language?

J. S. Bach's Method

There are many ways to learn harmony.


Johann Sebastian Bach had his students study Basso Continuo (thorough bass) and Chorale.


Basso Continuo (thorough bass) allowed the student to explore the vast panorama of bass motions (moti del basso), while the Chorale allowed students to use the harmonic knowledge and skills they had acquired and assimilated with the basso continuo with a given melody.

J. S. Bach (if you didn't know)

J. S. Bach (if you didn't know)

Basso Continuo vs Chorale

Example of Basso Continuo where you have a given Bass Line

Example of Basso Continuo where you have a given Bass Line

Example of a Chorale Melody where you have a given Melody

Example of a Chorale Melody where you have a given Melody

The Basso Continuo exercise therefore consists of creating harmony starting from the bassline, while the Chorale exercise consists of creating harmony starting from the top, that is, from the chorale melody to the soprano.


Knowing the rules and techniques of harmony is therefore also essential for composing chorales, and Handel's approach is one of the best.

G. F. Handel's Method

G. F. Handel wrote 24 Harmony Exercises for Princess Anne, which I want to offer you in this guide as a useful exercise, both for reviewing things you already know and for delving into new aspects you have yet to discover instead!


The 24 exercises are in gradual order of difficulty, so it is important that you follow the order I propose below: let's begin!

G. F. Handel (if you didn't know)

G. F. Handel (if you didn't know)

The Partimento Method

The 24 Exercises to Learn and Improve Harmony

Here we come to the exercises!

Below you will find a list of exercises divided into categories, so that you know what you can learn and improve in each group of exercises.

My Special Gift for you!

But first accept my special gift for you!

I have prepared an exercise book that you can print or use in digiral version to do your exercises.

Everything is already ready and prepared for writing!

You just download it and simply do!

5/3 Chords

Exercise 1

What you will learn

In the first exercise of Harmony and Thorough Bass, you learn to correctly connect chords to optimize voice leading and maintain common tones.

Exercise 2

What you will learn

In the second exercise of Harmony and Figured Bass, you learn to use the 5/3 chord over a slightly more active bass line.

Exercise 3

What you will learn

In the third exercise of Harmony and Basso Continuo, you learn to use harmonies over a bass that moves in eighth notes, identifying structural notes from embellishments.

Exercise 4

What you will learn

In the fourth exercise of Harmony and Thorough Bass, you become even more skilled with the 5/3 chord, using it in minor keys and in triple meter.

Exercise 5

What you will learn

In the fifth exercise of Harmony and Basso Continuo, you will have a bass in 3/2 where you need to recognize the structural notes that lead the harmony from the passing notes that you should not harmonize.

Exercise 6

What you will learn

In the sixth exercise of Harmony and Figured Bass, you will learn to use chromaticism over a bass using 5/3 chords.

The Partimento Method

6/3 Chords

Exercise 7

What you will learn

In the seventh exercise of Harmony and Thorough Bass, you learn to use the 6/3 chord, particularly in its combination known as Fauxbourdon, which you can further explore in detail in stage 3.1 of the course The Partimento Method.

Exercise 8

What you will learn

With the eighth exercise of Harmony and Figured Bass, you will apply the 6/3 chord in minor keys!

Exercise 9

What you will learn

In the ninth exercise of Harmony and Basso Continuo, you will combine Fauxbourdon with the Neapolitan Sixth, which you can further study and practice with other exercises in Stage 4.6 of The Partimento Method.

4-3 Suspension

Exercise 10

What you will learn

In this tenth exercise of Harmony and Thorough Bass, you will learn to use the 4-3 Suspension and the PSR rule, which you will use whenever you encounter a structural dissonance, meaning Preparation, Suspension, and Resolution.

6/4 Chord

Exercise 11

What you will learn

In the eleventh exercise of Harmony and Figured Bass, you learn to use the 6/4 chord to create a very interesting phenomenon called Double Suspensions.

6/5 Chord

Exercise 12

What you will learn

In the twelfth exercise of Harmony and Basso Continuo, you learn to use the 6/5 chord and discover why, as a rule (always with the necessary exceptions that confirm it), you should prepare the fifth following the PSR rule.

5/2 Chord

Exercise 13

What you will learn

In the thirteenth exercise of Harmony and Thorough Bass, you learn to use the 2 chord, which is used when we have the compositional pattern called Tied Bass, which you can learn about thoroughly and definitively in stage 3.5 of The Partimento Method.

6/4/2 Chord

Exercise 14

What you will learn

In the fourteenth exercise of Harmony and Figured Bass, you learn to use the version of the Tied Bass pattern that simultaneously uses the second, fourth, and sixth.

This type of chord is known in modern harmony as the third inversion of the seventh chord.

The Partimento Method

7-6 Suspension

Exercise 15

What you will learn

In the fifteenth exercise of Harmony and Thorough Bass, you will apply the PSR rule you learned in the previous exercise to another type of Suspension: 7-6.

This creates a compositional pattern called 7-6 Fauxbourdon, which you can learn about in more detail and with many practical exercises in stage 3.3 of The Partimento Method.

7 Chord

Exercise 16

What you will learn

In the sixteenth exercise of Harmony and Basso Continuo, you will learn that if you add a bass that jumps down a fifth and up a fourth to the 7-6 Fauxbourdon, you get a new pattern widely used in Baroque music called Quintfall.

9-8 Suspension

Exercise 17

What you will learn

In the seventeenth exercise of Harmony and Figured Bass, you will learn to use the 9-8 suspension and the PSR Rule when the ninth resolves to the octave.

Exercise 18

What you will learn

In the eighteenth exercise of Harmony and Thorough Bass, you will practice with a variant of the 9-8 suspension, when the bass moves up a third or down a sixth during the resolution, creating a 9-6 Suspension.

Exercise 19

What you will learn

In the nineteenth exercise of Harmony and Basso Continuo, still during the 9-8 suspension, the bass moves down a third, creating a 9-3 Suspension.

The Partimento Method

Double Suspensions: 9/7-8/6; 9/4-8/3

Exercise 20

What you will learn

In the twentieth exercise of Harmony and Thorough Bass, you will practice Double Suspensions, where two voices simultaneously apply the PSR Rule over the bass: 9-8/7-6.

Exercise 21

What you will learn

In the twenty-first exercise of Harmony and Figured Bass, you will practice the other type of Double Suspension, namely 9-8/4-3.

Be aware that the PSR rule is also very valid here, and you must follow it.

Summarizing and consolidation exercises

Exercise 22

What you will learn

In this twenty-second exercise of Harmony and Basso Continuo, you will practice pedals, where the bass stays on the fifth degree and leaves room for the other voices!

Exercise 23

What you will learn

In this review exercise number 23 of Harmony and Thorough Bass, you will test your skills with a bass that moves with many passing notes, diminutions, and jumps.

Exercise 24

What you will learn

In the final review exercise of Harmony and Figured Bass, you will conclude this course with a new type of bass, very jumpy and cheerful, reflecting the character of the Giga: a very important Baroque dance

The Partimento Method
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For this reason, I teach musicians all over the world how to express their creativity by teaching composition with the historical method of Partimenti!

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